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Cribe a general algorithm for identifying and confirming the presence of GEMs in vulnerable applications. We then present GEM Miner, an implementation of our GEM analysis for the Windows platform. We evaluate GEM Miner using real-world GUI-based applications that target the small business and enterprise markets, and demonstrate the efficacy of our analysis by finding numerous previously unknown access control vulnerabilities in these applications. Fingerprinting is an important preliminary step when auditing web applications. Zte axon 7 cheap But the usual techniques based on the analysis of cookies, headers, and static files are easy to fool. Fingerprinting digital images is a technique commonly used for forensic investigations but rarely for security audits. Moreover, it is mostly based on the analysis of JPEG images only. As a result, we give a set of tests that can discriminate between various PNG libraries. As a consequence, it is often possible to identify the platform behind a website even when an effort has been made to prevent fingerprinting, as long as said website allows the upload of PNG images.

By any historical standard, it would be fair to call today the "Golden Age Of Threat. And it has become its own fast-rising industry of threat feeds, alerts, intelligence reports, standards, and tools. But the sharing of threat intelligence is not a miracle cure. In fact, threat sharing is just the means to an end - we need a way to translate this information into specific and scalable defensive actions we can each take to prevent or manage these attacks in the first place. The non-profit Council on CyberSecurity has taken a community approach to this problem, working with numerous companies and individuals who analyze attacks and adversaries for a living, and then we translate that knowledge into defensive actions that are captured in the Critical Security Controls.

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We also discuss how such an approach naturally synchronizes with various Risk Management Frameworks, including the Executive Order Cybersecurity Framework from NIST. As long as the bad guys are beating up on us, we might as well learn something from it. Today, forensics experts and anti-malware solutions face a multitude of challenges when attempting to extract information from malicious files; dynamic analysis (sandboxing) is a popular method of identifying behavior associated with running or opening a given file, and provides the ability to examine the actions which that file is responsible for. Dynamic analysis technology is gaining popularity for use in detecting targeted threats and zero-day attacks, because this approach need not rely on detecting the malicious code. Instead, it can leverage the ability to identify generic "suspicious behaviors" to assess the risk inherent in running a given sample, and provide intelligence about the protocols and infrastructure attackers can use to control malicious samples. Of course, many of the attackers have a vested interest in making it much more difficult to extract intelligence from their backdoors or implants.

New techniques to evade or complicate analysis of samples are growing in popularity and diversity. With malware authors constantly evolving new techniques to hamper automated analysis, what is a researcher to do? In the first part of our presentation, Christopher Kruegel, Co-Founder and Chief Scientist at Lastline, will talk about designing dynamic analysis systems, how one might go about building such a system, and what information one should seek to extract with a dynamic analysis platform.

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He will explain the advantages and limitations of externally instrumented full-system emulation, and demonstrate its value in comparison with other approaches such as OS emulation or traditional virtualization solutions which instrument from inside the analysis environment. In the second part, Christopher will discuss and provide recent examples of several classes of evasion techniques observed in the wild, including environment triggers, stalling code, and detection of human interaction, and demonstrate the evolution of techniques over time. In the third part, he will present a number of solutions to these challenges, each enabled by full system emulation.

He will discuss how to extend a sandbox to detect environment-dependent branching, identifying or circumventing environment detection attempts, and forcing execution along each possible path, covering as much of the executable code as possible. Christopher will also present approaches to identify and mitigate stalling code blocks, dramatically reducing the overhead of analysis when this approach is sufficient, or forcing the execution to exit the costly blocks when it is not. The session will also cover methods for identifying attempts to detect human behaviors, and recipes for bypassing these detection attempts.

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After cancelling his RSA talk in protest, Mikko delivered his talk on Goverments as Malware Authors at TrustyCon instead. Which governments are involved?

Where do they get the skills? How big are the budgets for this? And, most importantly: do we have any hope of fighting malwareof this caliber?

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While on vacation Joe saw something weird happen on his machine, and thinks he might be owned. From the comfort of your desk: collect common persistence mechanisms and submit the binaries to your bulk malware analysis pipeline, grab a netstat, a process listing, and check recent browsing history. Grab a process listing from memory, collect deleted files, find the badness.

Now check every machine in your fleet for the same malware within 30 minutes. Use cases like this pushed Google to start work on GRR, an open-source remote live-forensics system, back in 2011. Greg will introduce GRR capabilities with some use cases and discuss the difficulties of running the tool across different environments.

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He will explain and demonstrate GRR artifact collection as well as talk about some of the aspects that make artifacts powerful but challenging to implement. What sorts of RF transactions take place in RFID systems, such as toll booths, building security and vehicular keyless entry? Wireless systems, and their radio signals, are everywhere: consumer, corporate, government, amateur - widely deployed and often vulnerable.

I will demonstrate how these techniques can be applied to dissect and hack RF communications systems, such as those above, using open source software and cheap radio hardware. If you have any SDR equipment, bring it along! The USA is starting to introduce EMV, the Europay-Mastercard-Visa system for making payments using chip cards instead of the old mag strip variety.

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EMV is already in wide use in Europe, and has started to appear in countries from Canada to India. In theory, smartcards should have reduced fraud by making bankcards much harder to copy and by enabling banks to authenticate users at the point of sale using PINs rather than signatures. The practice has been different.

In Britain, for example, fraud first went up, then down, and is now headed upwards again. We even saw Trojans inserted in the supply chain. A protocol flaw meant that a crook could use a stolen card without knowing the PIN; he could use a man-in-the-middle device to persuade the terminal that the card had accepted the PIN, while the card was told to do a signature-only transaction. Merchant refunds were not authenticated, so a crook could pretend to the bank that he was a merchant, and credit his card back after making a purchase.

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The most recent series of attacks exploit the freshness mechanisms in the EMV protocol. To prevent transaction replay, the terminal generates an "unpredictable number" while the card supplies an "application transaction counter" or ATC that is supposed to increase monotonically and never repeat.

In fact these "preplay" attacks behave just like card cloning, and make all the fancy tamper-resistant electronics almost irrelevant. At heart these are problems of governance and regulation.

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